Continuous infusion β-lactams for intensive care unit pulmonary infections

This study evaluated the pharmacodynamics of continuous infusion β-lactams against pulmonary isolates of Gram-negative bacteria from patients managed in intensive care units (ICUs) in the USA. Multiple 10 000-patient Monte Carlo simulations were performed by integrating pharmacokinetic data from healthy individuals with 2408 MICs from the 2002 Intensive Care Unit Surveillance System database. These pharmacodynamic simulations suggested that continuous infusion regimens of cefepime, aztreonam, ceftazidime and piperacillin-tazobactam 13.5 g have the greatest likelihood of achieving pharmacodynamic targets against isolates of Enterobacteriaceae in the ICU. β-Lactams are unlikely to achieve pharmacodynamic targets against Pseudomonas aeruginosa or Acinetobacter baumannii when administered as monotherapy.