From madness to genius: The Openness/Intellect trait domain as a paradoxical simplex

A novel theory of Openness/Intellect is proposed, which integrates intelligence and positive schizotypy (or apophenia, false detection of patterns or causal connections) within the Big Five. Openness/Intellect comprises a simplex of subtraits arrayed along a single scaling dimension. Openness traits fall in one half of the simplex, bounded by apophenia; Intellect traits fall in the other half, bounded by intelligence. The simplex is paradoxical because intelligence and apophenia are negatively correlated despite both loading positively on the general Openness/Intellect factor. The model was supported in two samples and organizes theories of (1) the relation of intelligence and schizotypy to personality, (2) the psychological and biological mechanisms involved in Openness/Intellect, and (3) the costs and benefits of Openness, proximally and evolutionarily.

► A new model is proposed of the structure of the Openness/Intellect trait domain. ► Intelligence and positive schizotypy are integrated as facets of Openness/Intellect. ► Positive schizotypy is associated with Openness, intelligence with Intellect. ► A simplex model is supported in two samples using factor and scaling analysis. ► The model organizes theory and past research on the sources of Openness/Intellect.