Trends in exposure to industrial air toxins for different racial and socioeconomic groups: A spatial and temporal examination of environmental inequality in the U.S. from 1995 to 2004

•Nationally, exposure to industrial toxins is decreasing everywhere.•The Black/White gap in exposure has remained relatively consistent over time.•Middle-class African-Americans are exposed to more toxins than lower-class whites.•The amount of toxins is decreasing in central cities across all EPA regions.•The toxicity of toxins is not decreasing as clearly in central cities.