Conditional β- and σ-convergence in space: A maximum likelihood approach

Empirical work on regional growth under spatial spillovers uses two workhorse models: the spatial Solow model and Verdoorn's model. This paper contrasts these two views on regional growth processes and demonstrates that in both models the speed of convergence also depends on the remoteness and the income gaps of all regions. Furthermore, the paper introduces Wald tests for conditional spatial σ-convergence based on a spatial maximum likelihood approach. Empirical estimates for 212 European regions covering the period 1980–2002 reveal a slow speed of convergence of about 0.4–0.6% per year under both models. However, pronounced heterogeneity in the convergence speed is evident. The Wald tests indicate significant conditional spatial σ-convergence of about 1.6% per year under the spatial Solow model. Verdoorn's specification points to a smaller average variance reduction during the considered period.