Phytoestrogens derived from red clover: An alternative to estrogen replacement therapy?

Biochemical analysis shows that these representatives of phytoestrogens have multiple actions beside selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM)-activity. They act as selective estrogen enzyme modulators (SEEMs), have antioxidant activity and interact with transcription factors such as NF-κB. Furthermore, it is indicated that they have protective effects on osteoporosis and the cardiovascular system. Currently 40-50 mg of isoflavones (biochanin A, daidzein, formononetin and genistein) are recommended as daily dose. This recommendation is based on the daily intake of phytoestrogens in a traditional Japanese diet.