Preparation and characterization of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) made of cacao butter and curdlan

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were prepared using cacao butter, as the lipid core, and curdlan, as the shell material. Tween 80 was used as a co-surfactant in order to prevent aggregation and gelling of the curdlan. Mannitol was used as a cryoprotectant in order to prevent aggregation during redispersion. No significant change in the size of the SLN was observed up to a lipid concentration of 1.0%, and the particle size ranged from 140 to 200 nm with a unimodal distribution. When an alternating pH between 7 and 11 was used to test the physical stability of an SLN solution, the change in the particle size remained within a narrow range up to a lipid concentration of 0.5%. Above 0.5%, the particles began to aggregate due to the insufficient amount of the coating material, curdlan and Tween 80. The critical aggregation concentration at pH 7.4 was found to be 6.95 × 10−4 mg/ml. Pyrene was used as a fluorescence probe. As the temperature increased, pyrene was gradually released from the SLN. The loading efficiency was >75% when the verapamil to lipid ratios were 1:10 and 1:5 and decreased significantly as the ratio became 1:1. The release rate was significantly delayed when verapamil was loaded into the SLN.