Predicting bird collisions with wind turbines: Comparison of the new empirical Flux Collision Model with the SOSS Band model

Synthesis and applications. The predictive power of collision rate models relies in the first place on the quality of the input information, and second on the theoretical details of the model calculations. Although the FCM is less dependent on measurements of avoidance rates, an urgent need remains to obtain information on actual collision rates and corresponding collision probabilities as well as avoidance rates in existing wind farms both offshore and on land in order to accurately determine the impact of wind energy on bird populations.