Surface-modified silicon nanowire anodes for lithium-ion batteries

► For the first time we evaluate the effects of silicon surface chemistry on anode performance. ► We fully characterize hydride-terminated, methylated, and siloxane coated nanowires using voltammetry, FTIR, XPS, and AFM. ► We discuss silicon-specific reactions and provide a mechanism for the formation of OPFx and organofluorines observed with silicon anodes. ► We evaluated SEI contact stiffness using an AFM and found that the primary benefits of siloxane additives are likely associated with mechanical improvements.