Multi-parameter battery state estimator based on the adaptive and direct solution of the governing differential equations

- A multi-parameter battery state estimator (BSE) has been developed which can be applied on Li-ion (lithium ion), lead acid, and NiMH batteries.
- Significant improvement over our prior models in terms of accuracy, numerical stability and robustness is demonstrated.
- The model includes two sets of inter-related equations corresponding to the discharge and charge events respectively.
- The results appear promising in testing Hitachi cells in a simulated HEV environment.
- Further improvement is desirable for longer term power projection.