Restoring catalytic activity to the human carbonic anhydrase (CA) related proteins VIII, X and XI affords isoforms with high catalytic efficiency and susceptibility to anion inhibition

Mutation of amino acid residues 94, 96 and 119 to histidine(s) in the human carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) related proteins CARP VIII, X and XI restored the zinc binding and catalytic activity for the hydration of CO2 to bicarbonate. CA VIII, X and XI thus obtained showed high catalytic activity (67.3-92.0% of the activity of hCA II and much higher compared to hCA I) and were inhibited in the milli-micromolar range by inorganic anions, sulfamide, sulfamic acid, phenylboronic acid and phenylarsonic acid. Among the three new isoforms, hCA X was the most efficient enzyme and also showed the highest affinity for anion inhibitors (KIs of 3.6-68 μM for phenylboronic acid, sufamic acid, sulfamide, cyanide and azide). hCA VIII was poorly inhibited by halides, cyanate, nitrate and sulfate (KIs of 38.4-65.4 mM), whereas CA XI had a behavior intermediate between that of hCA VIII and X, both regarding the catalytic activity and sensitivity to anion inhibitors.