Article ID Journal Published Year Pages File Type
10891316 Stem Cell Research 2013 13 Pages PDF
Abstract
► hESCs were treated with retinoic acid (RA) and microarray studies were performed. ► RA modulates key signaling pathways such as WNT and TGF-β signaling. ► RA induces extraembryonic differentiation and increased the gonadotropin formation. ► RA bypasses the self-renewal effects of FGF-2 inducing extraembryonic differentiation. ► RA induces trophectodermal genes and hypermethylation of extraembryonic genes.
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Life Sciences Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology Biotechnology
Preview
All-trans retinoic acid and basic fibroblast growth factor synergistically direct pluripotent human embryonic stem cells to extraembryonic lineages
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