Comparison of cell proliferation index in equine and caprine embryos using a modified BrdU incorporation assay

The measurement of cell proliferation and cell viability using 5′bromo-2′deoxy-uridine (BrdU) labelling has been described in several cell types and species. The aim of this study was to adapt this technique to equine embryos and to compare the index of DNA replication (S-phase) between equine and caprine embryos. Seventeen equine embryos were recovered at day 6.5 post-ovulation and 20 caprine embryos were recovered at day 7 after the onset of estrus. Equine embryos were incubated during 1 h at 39 °C in PBS containing 1 mM of BrdU. Embryos were then treated in 0.05% trypsin during 15 min at 39 °C to permeabilise the capsule, and then embryos were rinsed in PBS containing 10% of foetal calf serum. After washing, embryos were immediately fixed in 2.5% paraformaldehyde with 0.3 M NaOH during 15 min at ambient temperature. The S-phase was detected by immunocytochemistry technique. In caprine embryos, BrdU was visualised by the same technique but without the trypsin treatment. The percentage of cells (±S.E.M.) with BrdU incorporated into newly synthesised DNA strands was significantly higher in equine embryos (74 ± 1) than in caprine (38 ± 2). Our results demonstrated that BrdU incorporation assay can be used in equine embryos. This assay allows the determination of the proliferation index of live cells and could be used as an additional tool for evaluating the viability of embryos. The high percentage of cells incorporating BrdU during 1 h of incubation with BrdU suggests that in comparison with the caprine embryos the cellular activity of proliferation is more intense in equine embryos and suggests that the cellular cycle is shorter in equine embryos.