The functions of adult female begging during incubation in sub-Arctic breeding yellow warblers

► We examined functions of adult female begging during incubation in sub-Arctic breeding yellow warblers. ► Incubating adult females make chip calls, flutter their wings and change postures in the nest when begging. ► Female begging intensity increased with longer time intervals between male feedings, especially during cold weather. ► Male feeding rate increased in response to female begging at warm, but not at cold, ambient temperatures. ► Frequent male feedings allowed females to spend more time on their nests.