A self-template synthesis of hierarchical porous carbon foams based on banana peel for supercapacitor electrodes

Hierarchical porous carbon foams (denoted as HPCFs) is prepared through a novel self-template strategy based on banana peel. Banana peel, which contains natural porous structure formed by biopolymers in cell walls, can absorb ions and phenolic compounds. The carboxylic and hydroxyl groups on the pores’ surface will coordinate with zinc ions to form zinc complexes. These zinc complexes which are similar with metal–organic frameworks are used as self-template, and the aminophenol furfural resin polymerized in the pores of complexes is used as the additional carbon source to create hierarchical porous structure during the carbonization process. The resulted HPCFs are composed of macroporous cores with mesoporous and microporous channels. The unique self-supported hierarchical structure possesses a high specific surface area (1650 m2 g−1) and provides a more favorable path for electrolyte penetration and transportation, which give rise to the excellent electrochemical property of HPCFs as an electrode material for supercapacitor. The calculated specific capacitance of HPCFs electrode in 6 mol L−1 KOH is 206 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1, while the specific capacitance still exhibits relative high (182 F g−1) at a higher current density of 10 A g−1 with the retention of 88%.

Graphical abstractFigure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slideHighlights► We report a self-template synthesis of hierarchical porous carbon foams (HPCFs). ► Banana peel based zinc complex was employed as the self-template to prepare HPCFs. ► HPCFs is composed of macroporous cores with mesoporous and microporous channels. ► HPCFs possesses a high specific surface area and self-supported architecture. ► HPCFs exhibits excellent electrochemical properties as an electrode material.