Conductivity, viscosity and density of MClO4 (M = Li and Na) dissolved in propylene carbonate and γ-butyrolactone at high concentrations

The solution density, viscosity and conductivity of MClO4 (M = Li and Na) solutions in propylene carbonate and γ-butyrolactone are measured at the concentrations of <1.5–2.0 mol dm−3. The partial volume of the solute, derived from the density, of NaClO4 is greater than that of LiClO4 as expected. NaClO4 produces less viscous and more conductive solutions than LiClO4 throughout the examined concentration range. Notably, the conductivity of the NaClO4 solutions is 10–20% higher than that of the LiClO4 solutions at T/K = 298. The validity of the empirical cubic root law, Λ(C) = Λ0 − AC1/3, is examined, where Λ and Λ0 are the molar conductivities at the molarity C and at infinite dilution. The meaning of the slope A is interpreted in the theoretical framework of the pseudolattice model.

Graphical abstractFigure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slideHighlights► Comparison between transport properties of Li- and Na-based non-aqueous electrolytes. ► Density, viscosity and conductivity of LiClO4 and NaClO4 in PC and γBL were measured. ► Na-based electrolytes have 10–20% higher conductivity than Li-based ones at 0.5–2 M. ► Conductivities were analyzed based on a theory derived from the pseudolattice model.