Lithium intercalation and interfacial kinetics of composite anodes formed by oxidized graphite and copper

The electrochemical behavior of composite anodes prepared either by mixing partially oxidized graphite and Cu powders or by coating the pristine partially oxidized graphite electrodes with few-nanometer-thick Cu layers has been studied by slow-scan-rate cyclic voltammetry (SSCV) and galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles over the temperature range of −30 °C to 20 °C. The interfacial intercalation/deintercalation kinetics has also been investigated using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS).The role of the Cu in improving low-temperature performances and kinetics of graphite electrodes is discussed.