Characterization of a continuous micro-scale pilot unit for petroleum residue hydroconversion with dispersed catalysts: Hydrodynamics and performances in once-through and recycling mode

•Heavy oil hydroconversion was studied in a continuous unit with a dispersed catalyst.•Hydrodynamic behavior was studied in a cold mock-up.•Once-through and recycle mode operations were compared.

A continuous micro-pilot unit has been designed to convert petroleum residues with dispersed catalysts. Once-through and recycling modes can be operated. Several operating conditions (residence times and temperatures) have been investigated using the molybdenum naphthenate as catalyst precursor (600 ppm). The micro-pilot hydrodynamics has been characterized via a cold mockup by Residence Time Distribution. Whatever the mode used, the conversion, product yields and average molecular weights depends only on residence time and temperature.