Synthesis of isostructural metal–organic frameworks, CPO-27s, with ultrasound, microwave, and conventional heating: Effect of synthesis methods and metal ions

Isostructural MOFs such as CPO-27-Zn, CPO-27-Co and CPO-27-Ni were synthesized with US (ultrasound), MW (microwave) and CE (conventional electric) heating from the very similar reactant mixtures to understand the effect of the synthesis methods and metal ions on the synthesis rates and on the physicochemical properties of the obtained MOFs. The porosities (surface area and micropore volume) and synthesis rates both for nucleation and crystal growth are on the order of US > MW > CE synthesis. The crystal sizes are on the order of US < MW

► Isostructural MOFs were synthesized with ultrasound, microwave and electric heating. ► Ultrasound-syntheses have the advantage of high porosity and small-sized crystals. ► The lability of metal ions controls the synthesis rates of MOFs.