Synthesis of monoglyceride through glycerol esterification with lauric acid over propyl sulfonic acid post-synthesis functionalized SBA-15 mesoporous catalyst

Monoglyceride synthesis through glycerol esterification with lauric acid over a propyl sulfonic acid functionalized SBA-15 mesoporous catalyst (HSO3SBA-15) was studied under reduced pressure to continuously remove water formed. Effects of various reaction parameters such as reaction temperature (413–433 K), catalyst loading (1–5%) and glycerol/lauric acid molar ratio (2:1 and 4:1) on lauric acid conversion and products selectivity were successfully elucidated and correlated with reaction scheme and kinetic model. The parent and functionalized SBA-15 were characterized using FT-IR, ammonia chemisorptions, surface analysis, TEM and SEM. Reusability behavior of the catalyst was also demonstrated. Glycerol esterification could be modeled as irreversible parallel reactions and the kinetic data were successfully fitted to a second order kinetic model. The apparent activation energy for monoglyceride formation using a catalyst loading of 5% and glycerol/lauric acid molar ratio of 4:1 was found to be 42 kJ/mol. The HSO3SBA-15 catalyst could be reused up to four times without significant loss of catalytic activity.

Graphical abstractFigure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slideHighlights► Monoglyceride synthesis through glycerol esterification. ► Post-synthesis propyl sulfonic acid functionalization of SBA-15. ► Effects of temperature, catalyst loading and reactants's molar ratio. ► Demonstration of reusability behavior of the catalyst. ► Irreversible parallel reactions with a second order kinetic model.