A Single-Neuron Correlate of Change Detection and Change Blindness in the Human Medial Temporal Lobe

SummaryObservers are often unaware of changes in their visual environment when attention is not focused at the location of the change 1, 2, 3 and 4. Because of its rather intriguing nature, this phenomenon, known as change blindness, has been extensively studied with psychophysics 5, 6 and 7 as well as with fMRI 8, 9, 10 and 11. However, whether change blindness can be tracked in the activity of single cells is not clear. To explore the neural correlates of change detection and change blindness, we recorded from single neurons in the human medial temporal lobe (MTL) during a change-detection paradigm. The preferred pictures of the visually responsive units elicited significantly higher firing rates on the attended trials when subjects correctly identified a change (change detection) compared to the unattended trials when they missed it (change blindness). On correct trials, the firing activity of individual units allowed us to predict the occurrence of a change, on a trial-by-trial basis, with 67% accuracy. In contrast, this prediction was at chance for incorrect, unattended trials. The firing rates of visually selective MTL cells thus constitute a neural correlate of change detection.