Epigenetic reprogramming during plant reproduction and seed development

Epigenetic processes such as DNA methylation are crucial for the development of flowering plants, and for protection of genome integrity via silencing of transposable elements (TEs). Recent advances in genome-wide profiling suggest that during reproduction DNA methylation patterns are at least partially transmitted or even enhanced in the next generation to ensure stable silencing of TEs. At the same time, parent-of-origin specific removal of DNA methylation in the accompanying tissue allows imprinted expression of genes. Here we summarize the dynamics of DNA methylation as a major epigenetic regulatory pathway during reproduction and seed development.

► This review describes epigenetic processes during plant reproduction. ► DNA methylation undergoes at least partial reprogramming during gametogenesis. ► Global demethylation in associated cells might cause enhanced silencing in gametes and in the embryo. ► New uniparentally expressed genes allow substantially novel conclusions about imprinting.