A cytotoxic peptide from a marine sponge exhibits ion channel activity through vectorial-insertion into the membrane

A cytotoxic peptide, polytheonamide B (pTB), from marine sponge was examined for cytotoxic spectrum and specific activity to mammalian cells was demonstrated. pTB is composed of alternative D- and L-amino acid residues throughout the 48-mer peptide. This suggests the formation of a β-helix similar to gramicidin channels. Planar bilayer experiments revealed that pTB forms monovalent cation-selective channels, being compatible with the inner pore diameter of ∼4 Å for a β-helical structure. pTB penetrated vectorially into the membrane, formed a channel by means of a single molecule, and remained in the membrane. These functional properties may account for specific cytotoxic activity.