Extracellular superoxide dismutase exists as an octamer

Human extracellular superoxide dismutase (EC-SOD) is involved in the defence against oxidative stress induced by the superoxide radical. The protein is a homotetramer stabilised by hydrophobic interactions within the N-terminal region. During the purification of EC-SOD from human aorta, we noticed that material with high affinity for heparin–Sepharose formed not only a tetramer but also an octamer. Analysis of the thermodynamic stability of the octamer suggested that the C-terminal region is involved in formation of the quaternary structure. In addition, we show that the octamer is composed of both aEC-SOD and iEC-SOD folding variants. The presence of the EC-SOD octamer with high affinity may represent a way to influence the local concentration of EC-SOD to protect tissues specifically sensitive to oxidative damage.