Comparative study reveals unique features of the mycobiota in peat soils samples from Japan and Scotland

•We isolated filamentous fungi from peat soil samples from Japan and Scotland.•The mycobiota from each peat soil showed some common but also unique features.•Unreported species in Japan or rare species were isolated from samples from Japan.•A peat soil sample is an attractive substrate for untapped microbial resources.

We isolated filamentous fungi from soil samples of peat layers in Aomori and Oita Prefectures in Japan and Perth and Kinross district in Scotland by a serial dilution plate technique. The mycobiota in each peat soil showed some common and characteristic features. The abundance of fungal isolates (CFU/g) from peat soil was low: about 1/3 to 1/30 compared with evergreen or coniferous forests or cultivated soil. Trichoderma or Mucorales species were scarcely observed; these fungi occupied only 3% of the total number of colonies. On the other hand, fungi such as Conioscypha and Tolypocladium that are normally isolated rather rarely were encountered at a comparatively high rate. Acremonium guillematii and Tolypocladium cylindrosporum were recorded for the first time in Japan. Sterile fungi occupied 50% of the total number of isolates. The low abundance of fast-growing fungi enabled us to pick slow-growing fungi up easily from the isolation medium. It is interesting that species not previously described in Japan, or scarcely reported, were isolated commonly from both Japanese and Scottish samples. A peat soil sample is therefore an attractive source of untapped microbial resources.