Postpartum toll-like receptors and β-defensin 5 mRNA levels in the endometrium of Holstein cows

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and β-defensins are important components of the innate immune system. This study aimed to evaluate endometrial mRNA levels of TLRs (1/6, 2, 4, and 5) and β-defensin 5 in Holstein cows by quantitative real time RT-PCR. Uterine biopsies were performed from 6 to 12 h after parturition, and cows were divided into two groups: (i) cows with placental retention and clinical signs of uterine infection until 45 days postpartum (n = 10) or (ii) cows with normal puerperium (n = 10). All cows had detectable levels of TLRs and β-defensin 5 mRNAs, but these levels did not differ between groups (P > 0.05). Levels of TLR4 mRNA had a positive and significant correlation with the time required for uterine involution in both groups.