Sinonasal and sino-orbital aspergillosis in 23 cats: Aetiology, clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes

Aetiology, clinicopathological findings and treatment outcomes were documented in 23 cats (1.5–13 years of age) with sinonasal (SNA, n = 6) or sino-orbital (SOA, n = 17) aspergillosis. Cases recruited retrospectively and prospectively were included if fungal hyphae were identified on cytological or histological examination and the fungal pathogen was identified by PCR and DNA sequencing (ITS1 or ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 regions, rDNA gene cluster).Fungal culture was positive in 22/23 cases. In cases of SNA, the fungal pathogen was Aspergillus fumigatus (n = 4), Neosartorya fischeri or A. lentulus (n = 1) or a non-speciated Neosartorya spp. (n = 1). In all cases of SOA (n = 17), the fungal pathogen was identified as Neosartorya spp. Nine cats had brachycephalic conformation. Cats with SNA were more likely to be infected with A. fumigatus and had a better prognosis than cats with SOA.