Reactive and proliferative changes of splenic reticulum cells of rats investigated with special staining methods and immunohistochemistry

In the rat spleen, reactive and proliferative changes of the reticulum cells are rare events and seem to occur almost exclusively in the red pulp. The normal structure of the splenic reticulum cell and fiber lattice and examples of spontaneous and induced pathological alterations were investigated by immunohistochemistry (smooth muscle-actin, vimentin, S100 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen) and special stains for extracellular fibers (silver impregnation, azan). In response to congestion, systemic tumor growth or treatment with a hematotoxic compound, the scaffold cells increased either their contractile properties or their production of extracellular fibers. Primary focal hyperplasias of stromal cells which had developed without obvious cause were characterized by vanishing of sinuses, increased fiber content, increased expression of sm-actin or foci of lipomatosis. The borders of focal hyperplasias were indistinct and they did not infiltrate the white pulp compartments. Neoplasms of the stromal reticulum cells resembled soft tissue tumors in other organs. Specific tumor entities as described in other species have so far not been observed in the rat.