Cleavage and gastrulation of the dendrobranchiate shrimp Penaeus monodon (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Decapoda)

The cleavage pattern of the black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon was analyzed from the first division until gastrulation. Observations were based on microscopy combined with the use of fluorescent dyes, histological techniques, and computer based three-dimensional reconstructions. Early cleavage is holoblastic and follows a stereotypic pattern, which largely corresponds to what is known from other dendrobranchiate decapods. However, for the first time in this group, we report the presence of an intracellular structure throughout early development. This intracellular body (icb) marks the lineage of one of the two enlarged and division-delayed mesendoderm cells that initiate gastrulation. The identity of the icb as a natural marker and putative determinant of the germ line and its implications on the establishment of the body axes are discussed. The icb as a landmark reveals that the same stereotypic cell division pattern can lead to different fates of individual cells. Hence, the results of this study permit an additional approach to study the relation between cell lineage pattern and the identity of cell lineages.