Early development of the anterior body region of the grey widow spider Latrodectus geometricus Koch, 1841 (Theridiidae, Araneae)

We document the early morphogenesis of Latrodectus geometricus, particularly of the anterior body region. Significant changes in the development of the external prosomal structures revealed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images include: (1) reorganisation of each pre-cheliceral lobe by subdivision and internalisation of its central area; (2) shortening of the ventro-median bridge connecting the pre-cheliceral lobes and its eventual disappearance; (3) appearance and expansion of a prospective mouth region between the pre-cheliceral lobes with a recessed median area surrounded by lip-like borders, the anterior lip-part developing into the hypostome; (4) reduction of the mouth region to an area around the hypostome and the lip-like latero-posterior border of the mouth opening; (5) change of the position of the mouth region from anterior to the insertions of the chelicerae to posterior to them; (6) eventual shortening of the mouth opening to a slit overhung by the hypostome; (7) origination of the prosomal shield from the anterior margin of the pre-cheliceral lobes and the tergal portions of the four posterior-most prosomal segments; and (8) expansion of a ‘ventral sulcus’ from the cheliceral to the fifth opisthosomal segment separating the sides of these segments. Embryonic features are compared across the Chelicerata and discussed briefly in a phylogenetic context.