Interannual climate variability and population density thresholds can have a substantial impact on simulated tree species' migration

► The multi-species model TreeMig explicitly simulates tree species' migration. ► Minimum density thresholds on its state variables influenced simulated migration. ► Interannual climate variability proved to be critical for simulated migration. ► Multiple realizations with sampled climate led to notable divergences in spread. ► We varied species parameter sets to assess interactions with the environment.