Individual-based modeling as a decision tool for the conservation of the endangered huemul deer (Hippocamelus bisulcus) in southern Chile

► We used a SEPM to identify key variables for the conservation of an endangered deer. ► We simulated population growth over a 40 year period and 3 different scenarios. ► The model was sensitive to population size, distribution, and demographic variables. ► Populations ≤100 individuals went extinct, dispersion caused slow population growth. ► Data on population size, distribution, and survival are needed for conservation.