Exotic earthworm distributions did not expand over a decade in a hardwood forest in New York state

► We assessed long-term changes in earthworm distribution in central New York forests. ► What constrains the local spread of naturalized earthworm populations? ► Earthworm populations were not extending their range into non-invaded forest. ► Earthworm abundance in tree plantations was affected by soil pH and moisture. ► Further study of factors constraining local spread of earthworms is needed.