Integration of waste-water treatment and sludge handling on small scale, for the conservation and restoration of water and land quality

Water quality conservation requires adequate waste-water treatment and proper soil management. The processes of waste-water treatment and sludge handling were formerly treated as separate activities, but integration of the two aspects is now both necessary and possible. The processes described here are aimed at achieving higher effectiveness of sewage treatment, sludge quantity minimisation and quality than was previously possible. For effective land and water resources protection, more attention should be given to small and medium waste water treatment plants. Ecohydrological techniques such as dispersion of point sources of water pollution, creation and restoration of wet areas, and local use of sewage sludge are seen as a necessity for environment sustainability.