| Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4389198 | Ecological Engineering | 2014 | 6 Pages |
•All constructed wetlands perform high removal efficiency under mountain conditions.•Treatment performance for organics and suspended solids is excellent.•Removal of organics and ammonia is steady throughout the year.
Four constructed wetlands with horizontal subsurface flow situated 500 m a.s.l. were surveyed in order to evaluate long-term treatment efficiency. The results revealed that treatment performance of all surveyed constructed wetlands is excellent for organics and suspended solids and varied between 88% and 94% for BOD5, 67% and 85% for COD and 74% and 96% for TSS. Removal of NH4+-N in CWs Zásada has improved over the time of operation and average treatment efficiency amounted to 53%. There was no difference between summer and winter NH4-N outflow concentrations. Average removal of TP amounted to 59% and the removal efficiency was very stable over the 18 years of operation.
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