An algebraic analysis of the two state Markov model on tripod trees

Methods of phylogenetic inference use more and more complex models to generate trees from data. However, even simple models and their implications are not fully understood.Here, we investigate the two-state Markov model on a tripod tree, inferring conditions under which a given set of observations gives rise to such a model. This type of investigation has been undertaken before by several scientists from different fields of research.In contrast to other work we fully analyse the model, presenting conditions under which one can infer a model from the observation or at least get support for the tree-shaped interdependence of the leaves considered.We also present all conditions under which the results can be extended from tripod trees to quartet trees, a step necessary to reconstruct at least a topology. Apart from finding conditions under which such an extension works we discuss example cases for which such an extension does not work.

► We provide a full analysis of the two state Markov model of evolution on tripods. ► We infer conditions under which a leaf distribution corresponds to a model. ► We indicate the sensitivity of the models with respect to observed deviations. ► We discuss the impact when extending the result to quartets.