Effects of Soil Tillage Practice on Dry Matter Production and Water Use Efficiency in Wheat

The objective of this study was to understand the effects of tillage practice on water consumption characteristics and dry matter accumulation and distribution in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plant under high-yielding and flexible irrigation conditions. In a fixed position experiment across 3 growing seasons from October 2007 to June 2010, only one wheat cultivar, Jimai 22, was planted in the field. In the 2007–2008 wheat season, 5 tillage treatments were designed, which were strip rotary tillage (SR), strip rotary tillage after subsoiling (SRS), rotary tillage (R), rotary tillage after subsoiling (RS), and plowing tillage (P). The same treatments were arranged in the same field plots in the 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 wheat seasons, except that SRS and RS had no subsoiling. All tillage treatments were irrigated at sowing, jointing, and anthesis stages to designed soil water content based on testing soil moisture before watering. The total water consumption was higher in SRS and RS treatments than in SR and R treatments. Treatment SRS increased the amount of soil water consumption in 0–200 cm soil layers but decreased the soil evaporation, compared to other treatments. Treatments SRS and RS gained the highest amount of dry matter accumulation, grain dry matter partitioning at maturity, and contribution to grain of dry matter assimilation after anthesis, followed by treatment P, and treatments R and SR showed the lowest levels in the above parameters, particularly SR. In the experiment across 3 years, SRS obtained the grain yields of 9409.01 kg ha−1 in 2008, 9613.86 kg ha−1 in 2009, and 9698.42 kg ha−1 in 2010, which were equivalent to that of RS but significantly higher than other treatments. Treatments P and R also exhibited higher yield level than SR treatment. In the 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 growing years, the water use efficiencies of SRS treatment were the highest among treatments, which were 21.39 kg ha−1 mm−1 and 22.09 kg ha−1 mm−1, respectively. Treatment RS also had higher water use efficiency than SR, R, and P treatments. Therefore, SRS is recommended as the optimal tillage practice in high-yielding and water-saving production system in the Yellow-Huai-Hai River Valleys Plain.

摘 要2007—2010小麦生长季, 以高产小麦品种济麦22为材料, 利用测墒补灌技术确定灌水量, 研究高产条件下条旋耕、深松+条旋耕、旋耕、深松+旋耕和翻耕5种耕作方式对小麦的耗水特性、干物质积累与分配、籽粒产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明, 深松+条旋耕和深松+旋耕的农田耗水量和0–200 cm土层的土壤贮水消耗量高于条旋耕和旋耕处理, 深松+条旋耕的小麦株间蒸发量低于深松+旋耕和翻耕处理。深松+条旋耕和深松+旋耕成熟期的干物质积累总量、籽粒的干物质分配量及分配比例和开花后干物质同化量对籽粒的贡献率均高于翻耕处理, 翻耕高于旋耕和条旋耕处理, 条旋耕最低。深松+条旋耕3个生长季均获得高的籽粒产量, 分别为9409.01 kg ha−1 in 2008, 9613.86 kg ha−1 in 2009, and 9698.42 kg ha−1 in 2010, 与深松+旋耕处理无显著差异, 翻耕处理次之, 条旋耕和旋耕低于上述处理, 条旋耕最低。深松+条旋耕处理的水分利用效率在2007—2008生长季与深松+旋耕处理无显著差异 在2008—2010生长季最高, 分别为21.39 kg ha−1 mm−1 and 22.09 kg ha−1 mm−1, 深松+旋耕处理次之, 旋耕和条旋耕低于翻耕处理。在本试验条件下, 深松+条旋耕是兼顾高产节水的最优耕作方式。