Comparison of Chloroplast Proteomes Extracted from Florets of Physiological and Genic Male Sterile Lines and Their Maintainer Line in Wheat

The objective of this study was to explain the male sterile mechanism of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) based on chloroplast proteome. A method for isolating intact chloroplast proteome from wheat floret was established. Using this method, the chloroplast proteomes were extracted from florets of the genic and physiological male sterile lines and their maintainer line, and separated in 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) gels. The cytoplasmic-nuclear sterile line, ms(S)-1376, had identical nuclear background with the maintainer line, (A)-1376, and the physiological male sterile line, ms(A)-1376, was derived from (A)-1376 after induction of chemical hybridizing agent SQ-1. The extraction method was effective to obtain high purity of intact chloroplast using discontinuous sucrose density gradient centrifugation with 3-step gradient densities of 30, 45, and 60%. The 2-DE result showed that the floret chloroplast protein profiles were different among the 3 lines at uninucleate anther stage, and 239 protein spots were visible on each gel (pH 4-7, molecular weight 14.4-66.2 kD). Six differentially expressed proteins were analyzed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and indexed in bioinformation database. They were identified as acyl-CoA dehydrogenase domain protein, calmodulin-binding protein phosphatase, multiple catalytic peptidase, heat-shock protein 60, light receptor protein 2, and a protein of unknown function. These proteins are involved in series of physiological reactions such as metabolism of energy substances, chloroplast defendance, chloroplasts signal transduction, and plant growth. The differential expressions of these proteins among the 3 lines are likely related to the male sterility in wheat.

摘要为研究大豆幼苗期根系性状的遗传规律, 以中豆29和中豆32构建的RIL群体为材料, 在V2期测定水培幼苗根系性状(主根长、侧根数、根重、根体积和根冠比等)及相关性状(株重、茎叶重和下胚轴重等), 以方差分析方法估算遗传参数, 并采用复合区间作图法对大豆幼苗期根系等性状进行QTL定位。结果表明, 在8个染色体上检测到20个根系及相关性状QTL, 其中9个主效QTL位于第11和第14染色体, 表型贡献率在10.5%∼26.1%之间。在第11和第14染色体上, 部分根系性状QTL与地上部性状QTL处于同一位置, 其QTL的共位性与形态性状表型相关分析结果一致, 反映了根系性状与地上部性状存在一定的关联。