Genetic Differences in Homoeologous Group 1 of Seven Types of Winter Wheat Aimengniu

Aimengniu (hereafter AMN), cultivated by Shandong Agricultural University, is a renowned Chinese winter wheat germplasm. The purpose of this study was to dissect the genetic difference among the 7 AMN-derived types in homoeologous group 1. The translocation between chromosomes 1B and 1R was identified in the 7 AMN-derived types (AMNI to AMNVII) using molecular markers and genomic in situ hybridization (GISH). Amplified with the specific primers for 1R and 1B, the AMNI and AMNIII plants showed the presence of normal 1B chromatin, and the remaining types had both 1RS and 1BL but not 1BS and 1RL chromatin. The GISH result confirmed the replacement of 1BS by 1RS in AMNII, AMNIV, AMNV, AMNVI, and AMNVII plants; and the typical common wheat karyotype was observed in AMNI and AMNIII plants. In addition, genetic differences among the 7 AMN-derived types in homoeologous group 1 were detected using 138 polymorphic markers. Three markers, Xwmc336 and Xmag1884 on chromosome 1A and Xgwm124 on chromosome 1B, amplified specific segments of AMNV. Loci of Xwmc336 and Xmag1884 originated from the parent Neuzucht and that of Xgwm124 from the parent Aifeng 3.

摘 要由山东农业大学创制的矮孟牛是重要的冬小麦遗传资源。本研究利用分子标记和基因组原位杂交方法, 对矮孟牛I型至VII型7个姊妹系的遗传差异进行了鉴定。PCR结果显示, 矮孟牛II型、IV至VII型中含有1RS和1BL, 不含1BS和1RL; I型和III型中含有正常的1B染色体。基因组原位杂交结果证明, 在矮孟牛II型、IV型-VII型中1RS取代了1BS, 而在矮孟牛I型和III型中含有正常的小麦染色体组。利用138个多态性标记分析了7个类型第一部分同源群的遗传差异, 其中3个标记检测到矮孟牛V型的特异片段, 即位于1A染色体的标记Xwmc336和Xmag1884及位于1B染色体的Xgwm124, 分别源于牛朱特和矮丰3号。本研究结果揭示了矮孟牛7个类型第一部分同源群的遗传差异, 为深入研究和利用该种质资源奠定了基础。