Weed control and crop tolerance to propane flaming as influenced by the time of day

► Leaf relative water content (RWC) could be one of the factors affecting plant response to propane flaming. ► We examined the influence of leaf RWC in plant response to propane flaming. ► All plant species were more susceptible to flaming during the afternoon when they had lower leaf RWC. ► Plant susceptibility to flaming varied among species, where broadleaf species were more susceptible to flaming than grasses. ► Flaming should be conducted in the afternoon to improve weed control efficacy and reduce propane consumption rate.