Estimating the relative effects of the endosperm traits of waxy and high protein digestibility on yield in grain sorghum

► Sorghum is increasingly used for industrial bioethanol. ► The waxy wx and high protein digestibility HD grain traits significantly improve grain sorghums fermentation efficiency. ► There is concern that these traits may reduce in the agronomic and yield performance. ► This study assessed the yield of 96 full sibling lines from four endosperm phenotypes: wx, HD-wx, HD and wildtype. ► Across environments, there were no significant yield differences between endosperm phenotypes.