Breeding effects on the genotype × environment interaction for yield of bread wheat grown in Spain during the 20th century

► GE interactions for yield were mostly affected by Tmin and the thermal-time from sowing to heading. ► Grains spike−1 was the yield component that best matched the adaptation pattern of grain yield. ► Winter varieties had wider adaptation than spring ones due to a steadier number of grains spike−1. ► Large environmental effects were observed on the spike number and grain weight of landraces. ► Spring and winter varieties introduced after the 1960s had different pattern of adaptation.