| Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4512164 | Industrial Crops and Products | 2016 | 12 Pages |
•Simple extraction of cellulose nanocrystals from wallpaper wastes was presented.•Multiple-response surface methodology has provided to optimize CNC preparation.•Effect of CNCs particle morphology on properties of PLA was evaluated.•Polyvinyl chloride layers could be recyclable and reused.
An efficient route for extracting cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and recycling polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is presented through formic/hydrochloric acid hydrolysis of industrial wallpaper wastes (WS). The preparation parameters were optimized by using Box–Behnken design and Multiple-response surface methodology with desirability function. An optimum yield (54.0%) and aspect ratio (12.4) were achieved at reaction time of 10 h, liquid-solid ratio of 60 mL/g, and temperature of 80 °C. With the increasing reaction time, a gradual reduction in the size of the CNCs with rod-like and spherical shapes was found, which was explained by proposed mechanism-“progressively peeling reaction”. Moreover, compared to WS, the crystallinity and maximum degradation temperature of the CNC-10H increased to 89.8% and 371.4 °C, respectively. Furthermore, the CNC-10H showed stronger nucleating effect and reinforcing capability on polylactic acid than CNC-nanosphere and CNC-nanorod. In addition, PVC layers can be completely recycled, and further used to produce new wallpapers.
Graphical abstractFigure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slide
