Comparative fermentation studies on amylase production by Aspergillus flavus TF-8 using Sal (Shorea robusta) deoiled cake as natural substrate: Characterization for potential application in detergency

•Potential use of Sal deoiled cake (Sal DOC) as substrate for amylase production.•Comparative fermentation studies on SSF, mSSF and SmF.•A maximum of 26.38 IU/mL amylase activity under SmF using Aspergillus flavus TF-8.•TF-8 amylase possessed interesting properties and suitable for washing application.•Value addition to Sal DOC and cost effective production of industrially important amylase.

Media engineering for cost–effective and optimized production of industrially important enzymes is customary nowadays. In the present study, comparative production of amylase by solid state (SSF), modified solid state (mSSF) and submerged fermentation (SmF) was investigated using Sal deoiled cake (Sal DOC) as novel substrate. Amylase titers under SSF, mSSF and SmF were 1.82, 0.36 and 2.51 IU/mL, respectively by Aspergillus flavus TF-8 isolate. To increase amylase yield, SmF conditions were further optimized; enhancing the enzyme production to 10.51, 14.49 and 73.28 times higher (26.38 IU/mL) as compared to initial SmF, SSF and mSSF conditions, respectively. It was found to be more than 80% stable at wide range of pH 4.0–8.5, (optimum pH 5.5), high temperature (optimum temperature; 60 °C), common detergents and bleaching agents. The TF-8 amylase was found to be more effective than detergent, in removing starch based stains when used in combination with detergent. These properties make it a very promising candidate as detergent additive.

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