High valuable compounds from the unripe peel of several Musa species cultivated in Madeira Island (Portugal)

The lipophilic extractives of the unripe peel of ten banana cultivars belonging to the Musa acuminata and Musa balbisiana species (namely ‘Giant Cavendish’, ‘Chinese Cavendish’, ‘Grand Nain’, ‘Gruesa’, ‘Williams’, ‘Ricasa’, ‘Eilon’, ‘Zelig’, ‘Dwarf Red’ and ‘Silver’) were studied by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The extractives content were in the range of 2–3% with substantially higher values for ‘Silver’ and ‘Dwarf Red’ (5.7 and 10.7% respectively). Sterols and fatty acids were the major families of compounds identified, with respectively 55.1–87.5% and 10.6–43.2% of total of lipophilic components. Cycloeucalenone was the main component identified in ‘Williams’ and ‘Dwarf Red’, with abundances ranging from 806 to 9453 mg Kg−1 of dry unripe peels, respectively. The identification of high contents of valuable compounds, can open new strategies for the valorization of the studied banana residues and particularly of those from ‘Dwarf Red’ followed by ‘Silver’ and ‘Ricasa’, as potential sources of high-value phytochemicals.

Graphical abstractFigure optionsDownload full-size imageDownload as PowerPoint slideHighlights► Study of the valuable lipophilic fraction of unripe peels from several Musa species. ► These Musa residues, from Madeira island, present a high content in valuable sterols and particularly cycloeucalenone. ► ‘Dwarf Red’, ‘Silver’ and ‘Ricasa’ residues are the most rich in sterols. ► These results are a relevant contribution for the valorization of Musa residues.