Occurrence of whale shark (Rhincodon typus) in the Indian Ocean: A case for regional conservation

From the first whale shark (Rhincodon typus) described in 1828 from the Indian Ocean, the region continues to be one of the most important areas for whale shark sightings. However, the species has been the subject of several targeted fisheries and thus sustained massive, rapid declines in population numbers.The known range of occurrence and targeted fisheries for whale sharks in the Indian Ocean are discussed, along with stated national conservation measures in the range states. The results of a preliminary survey of 16 regional cooperative partners from 11 of the Indian Ocean range states are presented for whale shark occurrence, monitoring, perceived threats and realized conservation measures. These data are already proving valuable by facilitating cooperation between organisations regionally.The current international conservation framework is briefly described and suggestions made as to possible linked regional conservation initiatives, such as under the auspices of the Convention on Migratory Species.