Detoxification enhancement in the gymnodimine-contaminated grooved carpet shell, Ruditapes decussatus (Linné)

The first results revealed (i) faster detoxification rates in digestive gland (DG) when clams were fed on I. galbana compared with a starved control (no food) and (ii) a typical detoxification pattern, i.e. a rapid drop in toxin content within the first days followed by a secondary slower decrease. GYM levels could be reduced approximately to less than 5% within 7-8 days in clams fed I. galbana, according to the initial toxin levels of 1400 and 9400 μg GYM/kg of DG, respectively. At the end of the second experiment, DSP mouse bioassay was negative when GYM was less than 100 μg/kg DG.