Numerical solution for mixed convection boundary layer flow of a nanofluid along an inclined plate embedded in a porous medium

The steady mixed convection boundary layer flow of an incompressible nanofluid along a plate inclined at an angle αα in a porous medium is studied. The resulting nonlinear governing equations with associated boundary conditions are solved using an optimized, robust, extensively validated, variational finite-element method (FEM) and a finite-difference method (FDM) with a local non-similar transformation. The Nusselt number is found to decrease with increasing Brownian motion number (Nb) or thermophoresis number (Nt), whereas it increases with increasing angle αα. In addition, the local Sherwood number is found to increase with a rise in Nt, whereas it is reduced with an increase in Nb and angle αα. The effects of Lewis number, buoyancy ratio, and mixed convection parameter on temperature and concentration distributions are also examined in detail. The present study is of immediate interest in next-generation solar film collectors, heat-exchanger technology, material processing exploiting vertical and inclined surfaces, geothermal energy storage, and all those processes which are greatly affected by a heat-enhancement concept.