Social preference-based valuation of the links between home gardens, ecosystem services, and human well-being in Lefke Region of North Cyprus

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship between ecosystem services (ESs) and human well-being (HWB) in the home gardens of Lefke Region located in North Cyprus. The objectives of the study include: to examine the plant composition; to evaluate the key ESs delivered by the home gardens; to assess the contribution of ESs to HWB; and to evaluate the relationship between ESs and HWB. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, a social preference method and relevant tools (e.g. questionnaire) were used to evaluate the importance of ESs and HWB, which were expressed on a five point Likert scale. The results revealed that approximately 183 plant species are cultivated in the home gardens, which deliver 21 ESs with a perceived average relative value ranging from moderate (e.g. 'sense of belonging' in the cultural ESs) to very low (e.g. provisioning ESs) degree. These services mostly influence the security (a secure environment) and at least the basic material component of HWB. The results of this study can contribute to improving our understanding of the social values of ESs, their influence on HWB, and developing relevant policy responses in terms of sustainable landscape development.