Heuristic and Eulerian interface capturing approaches for shallow water type flow and application to granular flows

Determining the wet–dry boundary and avoiding the related spurious thin-layer problem when solving the depth-averaged shallow-water (SW) equations (or similar granular flow models) remains an outstanding challenge, though it has been the focus of much research effort. In this paper, we introduce the use of level set and phase field based methods to address this issue and related problems. We also propose new heuristic methods to address this problem. We implemented all of these methods in TITAN2D, which is a parallel adaptive mesh refinement toolkit designed for numerical simulation of granular flows. Results of the methods for flow over a simple inclined plane and Colima volcano are used to illustrate the methods. For the inclined plane, we compared the results with experimental data and for Colima volcano they are compared to field data. Our approaches successfully captured the interface of the flow and solved the accuracy and stability problems related to the thin layer problem in SW numerical solution. The comparison of results shows that although all of the methods can be used to address this problem, each of them has its own advantages/disadvantages and methods have to be chosen carefully for each problem.