Examining the drivers of total factor productivity change with an illustrative example of 14 EU countries

► This contribution centers on the development of an inter-temporal comparison to analyze eco-efficiency change over time. ► It provides deeper insights concerning the driving forces for eco-efficiency change. ► Empirical demonstration is made on a sample 14 countries of the European Union. ► The contribution of improved use of input and of reduced greenhouse gases emissions are 20% and 23%, respectively. ► The eco-productivity growth is more driven by reduction in emissions.